You will find these prefixes in aws documentation over various instances types: 'a', 'm', 't', 'r', 'c', 'u', 'x', 'd', 'i', 'f', 'g'.
I can only assume
C stands for Compute
R stands for RAM
G stands for GPU or Graphics
I stands for I/O
M stands for medium??
I wonder if other prefixes have some kind of meaning too.